Graphite is composed of parallel carbon hexagons and is a crystal with a lamellar structure. The atoms are sp2 hybridized to form bonds, the molecular layers are connected by van der Waals force, and the electrons in each layer form bonds to make the conductivity high.
Artificial graphite is a graphite material obtained by calcining easily graphitizable carbon (petroleum coke, needle coke, pitch, etc.) at a certain temperature, and then crushing, forming, grading, and high-temperature graphitization.
Hard carbon is carbon that is difficult to graphitize, and is usually produced by thermal cracking of polymer materials. Hard carbon has aroused great interest due to its high capacity, low cost and excellent cycle performance due to its random ordering.
Soft carbon, also known as graphitizable carbon material, refers to an amorphous carbon material that can be graphitized at a high temperature above 2500°C.
Carbon nanotube is a special carbon material with relatively complete graphitization structure, which has the characteristics of unique structure (one-dimensional cylindrical tube of graphite sheet), low density, high rigidity, high tensile strength and high electrical conductivity.
The reversible capacity of carbon nanotubes ranges from 300-600mAh/g, and its capacity is higher than that of graphite. The morphology of carbon nanotubes makes it possible to replace graphite as an anode material for commercial lithium-ion batteries.
Graphene is a rapidly rising star in the fields of materials science and condensed matter physics.
This two-dimensional material has extremely high crystalline and electronic qualities, and although its development history is not long, it already has potential applications.
